Title
Putative Autocleavage of Outer Capsid Protein 1, Allowing Release of Myristoylated Peptide 1 During Particle Uncoating, is Critical for Cell Entry by Reovirus
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
8-2004
Publication Title
Journal of Virology
Department
Chemistry
Abstract
Several nonenveloped animal viruses possess an autolytic capsid protein that is cleaved as a maturation step during assembly to yield infectious virions. The 76-kDa major outer capsid protein ?1 of mammalian orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) is also thought to be autocatalytically cleaved, yielding the virion-associated fragments ?1N (4 kDa; myristoylated) and ?1C (72 kDa). In this study, we found that ?1 cleavage to yield ?1N and ?1C was not required for outer capsid assembly but contributed greatly to the infectivity of the assembled particles. Recoated particles containing mutant, cleavage-defective ?1 (asparagine ? alanine substitution at amino acid 42) were competent for attachment; processing by exogenous proteases; structural changes in the outer capsid, including ?1 conformational change and ?1 release; and transcriptase activation but failed to mediate membrane permeabilization either in vitro (no hemolysis) or in vivo (no coentry of the ribonucleotoxin ?-sarcin). In addition, after these particles were allowed to enter cells, the ? region of ?1 continued to colocalize with viral core proteins in punctate structures, indicating that both elements remained bound together in particles and/or trapped within the same subcellular compartments, consistent with a defect in membrane penetration. If membrane penetration activity was supplied in trans by a coinfecting genome-deficient particle, the recoated particles with cleavage-defective ?1 displayed much higher levels of infectivity. These findings led us to propose a new uncoating intermediate, at which particles are trapped in the absence of ?1N/?1C cleavage. We additionally showed that this cleavage allowed the myristoylated, N-terminal ?1N fragment to be released from reovirus particles during entry-related uncoating, analogous to the myristoylated, N-terminal VP4 fragment of picornavirus capsid proteins. The results thus suggest that hydrophobic peptide release following capsid protein autocleavage is part of a general mechanism of membrane penetration shared by several diverse nonenveloped animal viruses.
ISSN
0022-538X
WorldCat Link
Provider Link
Citation
Odegard, A L, K Chandran, X Zhang, J S. L. Parker, T S. Baker, and M L. Nibert. "Putative Autocleavage of Outer Capsid Protein 1, Allowing Release of Myristoylated Peptide 1n During Particle Uncoating, Is Critical for Cell Entry by Reovirus." Journal of Virology. 78.16 (2004): 8732-8745. Print.